Calculating machine



Oct. 8, 1940.

H. T. AVERY CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Sept. 4, 1931 8Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. fia/"a/c/ Z five/y Y M Mum Q QNR 7/1471 VIII/lVIII/l 7111/. v8 %m mwv uwRA \w. w? Gm v m SS v3. mum um Oct. 8, 1940.H. T. AVERY CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Sept. 4, 1931 8Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR Hare/d 7. /4 very ATTORNEY 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 HT. AVERY CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Sept. 4, 1931 Oct. 8, 1940-mVE' N'IOR.

ATTORNEY NJ m A M F H m I um i Oct. 8, 1940. H. "r. AVERY CALCULATINGMACHINE Original Filed Sept. -4, 1931 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 lNV ENTOR. Ham/a[five/ V ATTORNEY.

Oct. 8, 1940. H. "r. AVERY CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Sept. 4,1931 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIINI m mHh lllll INVIENTOR. Haro/a 7Tfive/y ATTORNEY Oct. 8, 1940. H. r. AVERY 2,217,195

CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed Sept. 4, 1931 8 Sheets-Sheet 7INVENTOR. Harv/d T. A very A TTORNEY Oct. 8, 1940. 1-1. 'r. AVERY2,217,195

CALCULATING MACHINE Original riled Sept. 4, 1931 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 7MB w7658 765,1 r 762 w r FIE-3- 1.4;

I N V EN TOR. Harv/a T A very ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 8, 1940 UNITEDSTATES CALCULATING MACHINE Harold T. Avery, Oakland, Calif assignor toMarchant Calculating Machine Company, a corporation of CaliforniaApplication September 4, 1931, Serial No. 561,094 Renewed December 23,1936 4 Claims.

The present invention relates to calculating machines adapted to performthe four cardinal calculations and combinations thereof, andparticularly to the type embodying an actuator into which values may beset by a plurality of keys, and from which said values are transferredto the numeral wheels of an accumulator register to perform thecalculation. 7

It is an object of the present invention to pro- 10 vide a V typeselection bar that can be operated with the minimum of key resistance.

It is another object of the invention to provide means whereby asettable selecting mechanism is restored by power to zero positionsubsequent to the key releasing operation which is effected during onerotation of the actuator in either direction while the add key ismaintained in its depressed position.

A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby saidrestoring mechanism is disabled upon depression of an automaticmultiplier key during the performance of multiple addition during allbut the last rotation of the actuator.

A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby depressionof the clear key releases all keys of the keyboard and restores theselecting mechanism to zero. I

A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby theselecting mechanism is normally locked in zero position but is adaptedfor release upon depression of a key acting thereon.

A further object of the invention is to providean improved multipliermechanism which is completely inoperative except in a multiplicationoperation and which is adapted for smooth and positive operation.

Other objects will appear as this description progresses.

The machine embodying the present invention is of the general type shownin the patent to Friden Number 1,643,710 dated September 27th, 1927, towhich reference is herein made for disclosure of a complete calculatingmachine including mechanisms not specifically described herein. It is tobe understood, however, that although the invention is shown applied toa machine of the general type shown in said patent, it is manifest thatthe invention is applicable in any machine having a difierentially setselecting mechanism or anyisuitable form of calculating mechanism. I

The invention possesses a plurality of advantageous features, some ofwhich will be set forth in full in the following description, and whileing the add key and its associated mechanism. 16

Figure 5 is a front view of one of the drive shafts with the selectingbar power restoring cam shown in section.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of said power restoring cam shown inFigure 5. 20

Figure 7 is a longitudinal section looking from the right showing thekeyboard release mechanism and controls therefor.

Figure 8 is a longitudinal section from the right showing the multiplierkeys and their con- 25 trol over the selecting bar power restoringmechanism.

Figure 9 is a section taken on the line 9-9 of Figure 1.,

Figure 10 is a longitudinal right section show- 30 ing the settableselecting mechanism of the multiplier mechanism and the automaticcontrol unit associated therewith.

Figure 11 is a longitudinal right section disclosing the connectionbetween the multiplier 35 keys and the actuating clutch. v

Figure 12 is a right side elevation of the automatic control unit in theposition the parts there- 'of assume at the end of the second actuationwhen the 3 multiplier key is depressed, a part 40 of the supportingplate being broken away to better disclose the actuating means for saidunit.

Figure 13 is a left side elevation of the automatic control unit withthe parts in the same 45 position as in Figure 12.

Figure 14 is a left side elevation of the automatic control unit showingthe parts in the position assumed at the middle of the last actuationdetermined by a multiplier key, in this in- 5 stance the 3 key.

Calculating machines heretofore have been provided with V-type selectionbars in which the angle under lying any one key is complementary to thedistance of travel efiected to the bar by said key, and the key mustnecessarily move the bar against a spring tension sufficiently strong torestore the selecting mechanism to zero quickly enough to permit aspeedy resetting from a key of a high denomination to a key of a lowdenomination. A selecting bar of this type is shown in the patent toFriden, Number 1,830,161, dated November 3, 1931, and in the CanadianLetters Patent to Friden, Number 286,771, dated January 29th, 1929. Astudy of this type of selecting bar will show that the frictional andmechanical contact between the bar and the several keys is alsocomplementary which efiects an undesirable keyboard touch.

The present invention provides a positive action of the several keys onthe selecting mechanism so that selection from one key to another may bemade, regardless of denomination, without the provision of theheretofore necessary springs to obtain a quick restoration of theselecting mechanism to zero position at the end of a calculation, thesame being effected through power from the machine during the finalmovement of the actuator from the end of digitation to its centralizingpoint. To add further to a lighter touch of the several keys, theselecting bar shown in connection with the present invention hasidentical angles underlying all keys with like angles provided on thelower extremity of the key stems contacting them, thereby obtaining asmooth frictional surface of identical area and coefiicient of frictionin each case.

The present invention is also provided with means for latching theselecting bars in their zero posititon which also serve to preventrebound when the selecting bars are quickly restored to zero positionthrough the power control therefor. It will also be noted that theselecting bars of the present invention are supported on swinging linkswhich also aid materially in obtaining lighter key depression.

Accumulator register and actuator therefor The accumulator registershown in connection with the present invention is identical inconstruction with that shown in the Friden Patent Number 1,643,710, inwhich a plurality of numeral wheels are mounted on a movable carriagewhich, for the purpose of making direct action of the selected values onthe numeral wheels of highest value possible, is disposed in paralleldisplaceable relation with the value selecting mechanism axis. Thisregister comprises a plurality of numeral wheels 40l (Figure 2)rotatably mounted adjacent each other on a shaft 402 which shaft isjournaled in the movable carriage 400. Each of these numeral wheels isprovided with a fixed gear 40|A continuously in mesh with anintermediate gear 403 through which it is driven by the actuatorsegment. A spring pressed pawl 404 which engages the fixed gear 40|A ofeach numeral wheel permits step-by-step movement of said numeral wheeland serves to maintain said numeral wheel in correct alignment o beengaged by the actuator segment. Each numeral wheel is also providedwith the usual transfer lever 406 which is thrown out when said numeralwheel passes from zero to nine or from nine to zero to effect a transferof one increment to the next higher numeral wheel. The manner in whichthis transfer is effected through the engagement of the transfer lever406 with one of the transfer pins 300 of the actuator disc, is wellknown in the art and fully described in the above-mentioned patent.

The actuating mechanism shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the present drawingsis an improvement over that shown in the patent to Friden Number1,643,710, and is described in full in the copending application ofFriden, Number 456,843, dated May 29th, 1930, issued as Patent No.1,993,834. Instead of the sliding arcuate gear segment shown in saidpatent, the present invention comprises an actuator having a pivotedgear segment 30l (Figure 2) pivoted on the actuator disc 302 at 303 andprovided with a roller 304 which is disposed between the sides of acontinuous drum cam 305 (Figure 1) provided with an abrupt rise 305Awhich effects a quickly accelerated movement to the gear segment 30Ifrom its retracted radial position to its extended radial position inone direction, and vice versa in the opposite direction during the timethat gear segment 30I is being revolved about the-axis of the actuatorshaft. It is obvious that the gear segment can be projected to orwithdrawn from its extended radial position at any set. time relative tothe intermediate gear 403 of the accumulator register, merely byrotating the abrupt rise 305A of the drum cam 305 to any one of aplurality of different positions where means are provided for lockingthe same during the course of a calculating operation, thus making itpossible for any number of teeth of the gear segment 30! to act on theintermediate gear 403, thereby displacing said gear any predeterminednumber of circular pitch distances which is equivalent to a like numberof digits of the numeral wheels.

Selecting mechanism As mentioned above, selection of values in thepresent machine is effected through counter-' clockwise rotation of thecam 305 (Figure 1), any predetermined number of increments from itsoriginal zero position. This is accomplished by means of a gear 306which is fixed to the side of the cam and held constantly in mesh withan arcuate rack 30! provided on the upper end of a selection lever 308which is journaled on ball bearings at 309 which in this case is atransverse shaft fixed in the machine. The selection lever 308 isconnected with a selection bar 3|! by a link 3I0 which is journaled onthe selecting lever at 308A and-on the bar at 3| l. The selection bar3l2 is suspended from the key section frame 3 by means of two dependinglinks 3I3 which are journaled at their upper ends to the key sectionframe 314 and journaled at their lower ends to the selection bar 3l2, sothat said selection bar is adapted to swing from one extreme position tothe other with the least amount of frictional resistance. The upper edgeof the selecting bar 3" is provided with a plurality of equally spacedv-slots, the angled sides of which are identical throughout the lengthof the bar, the angle of said sides being 45 degrees in this case. TheV-siots underlie a plurality of keys 3| 5 which are normally held intheir elevated position by a series oi springs M6 and are adapted to belocked in their depressed position by a lock bar 3 which is forced tothe rear against the compression of spring 3 l 8 by the angled side 'ofthe key projection 3|5A and urged forward to be disposed on top of thesaid projection by the spring3l8 when the key reaches its full depressedposition, thereby locking the key in said position until another key isdepressed, which moves the bar to effect release of the first depressedkey, or until such bar is moved to the rear by other instrumentalitieswhich will be described hereinafter. The spacing of these keys in theirsupporting frame 3 is proportionately greater than the spacing of theangled V-siots on the slide 3 I 2 underlying them so that depression ofthe 9 key will move said bar nine increments, and depression of the 3key will move said bar three increments, and so forth. Since theselecting bars 312 then can be moved any predetermined number oflongitudinal increments through the depression of the proper key, it isobvious that a like number of rotational increments will be transferredto the box cam 305 through the connection described above, and theabrupt rise 305A of said box cam will time the ejection and withdrawalrelative to the carriage intermediate gear 403 so that the numeraldelineated on said depressed key will be equal to the number of teeth ofthe gear segment SUI that will contact the intermediate gear 403,thereby rotating the numeral wheel an equal number of digits. I

Means are provided whereby the selection from one key to another is apositive action of smoothly matched surfaces in either direction, andany depressed key locks its selection against further movement oroverthrow in either direction. This is accomplished through theprovision of similarly angled sides 3l2A and 3l2B of each V slot, eachof which is always contacted by an equally angled surface on the lowerextremity of the key stem. The side M213 is always used for makingselection from a lower to a higher denomination, while the side Si. isalways used for making selection from a higher to a lower denomination.Upon depression of the key to its fullest extent, the lower extremity isdisposed in a square-sided slot SIZC which blocks the slide from furthermovement in either direction and also affords a means for finaladjustment in manufacture, due to accumulated errors in assembling, byslightly bending the lower extremity of said key stem in one directionor the other to rectify said errors. The fact that the depth of the slot20 is not limited also does away with the necessity of holding said keystems to a precision length. It will be noted that since all angles inthe V-slot of the slide 3|! are equal and all contacting surfacesbetween the key stems and sides of said angular slots are also equal,the only possible difference in resistance in depression of the severalkeys will be due to the different distances that the depression of saidkeys move the selecting bar 3i! and its associated selecting mechanism.Therefore, since key resistance during a selection from one to nine andfrom nine to one is practically identical, it is evident thatconsidering the several keys as a whole, an average key resistance isdistributed throughout the entire keyboard and this key resistance, dueto the absence of springs and other counteracting devices, has beenfound to be approximately one-third that of similar selecting mechanismin prior calculating machines.

Means have been provided whereby the digit selected for registration onthe accumulating register during the performance of a calculatingoperation is displayed to the operator. This is effected by provision ofa segment I" (Figure 1) fixed to the drum cam ill and having thenumerals from zero to nine inclusive delineated thereon. A window "Iprovided in the casing of the machine is of sufflcient width to displayonly one of said numerals at a time and the angular displacement of thesegment "I, due to a similar displacement of the drum cam "I duringselection, places a numeral corresponding to that delineated on thedepressed key opposite the window 32 I and in view of the operator.

Means are provided whereby all selecting bars are automatically lookedagainst rebound when returned to zero position and said lock is arrangedto maintain its locking effectiveness until a new selection is made bydepression of one of the keys 3l5 which is the only means by which saidlock can be released. This lock is in the form of a bellcrank 322(Figure 1) which is journaled on the key section frame at SHA, and whichis provided on its vertical extremity with a lateral projection 822Awhich is disposed in a slot in the key locking bar 3 and provided on itshorizontal extremity with a notch 322B which is adapted to engage alaterally extending portion 3l2D of the selection bar 8l2. It is evidentthat by depression of a key the projection SISA on said key will throughthe rearward movement of slide 3H, cause a clockwise oscillation of thebell crank 822, thereby lifting its horizontal extremity clear of thelateral projection 8ND, permitting the bar M2 to be moved to the rearupon further depression of said key. The construction of this mechanismis such that even though the horizontal extremity of the bell crank 822is riding on top of the lateral projection ID of the slide, sufficientspare movement is permitted so that the key lock bar 8H will engage halfof the top of the projection SISA on the depressed key, thereby lockingthe depressed key in its depressed position. It will be noted that inmaking selections from one key to another the horizontal arm of thebellcrank 322 will merely ride the top of the projection "2D and willnot interfere with movement of the selecting bar 8l2. However, when allkeys are released and the bar Si! is returned to its zero position whereit is arrested by the projection 8088 of the box cam 30! contacting theupper end of the locking pawl "I, or the lower extremity 30GB of theselecting lever 808 contacting the zero stop 8000, the horizontalextremity of bell crank 822 is immediately forced down by the spring3|lof the lock bar 8|! until the notch 322B engages the projection SIZDof the selection bar 8l2, thereby blocking any rearward movement of theselection bar Ii! caused by rebound of the several stopping means.

Add R781! A special key 2 (Figures 4 and 7) designated as the Add key"is provided to control the various mechanisms in the performance ofaddition. This key is pivoted at "I to a lever 282 pivoted at an andsupported by spring I. The upper end of the key stem is provided with anotch 250A adapted to engage the cover plate upon depression of said keyto retain it in depressed or operative position. The spring 254, inaddition to holding the add key and the lever 252 in their elevatedposition, tends to rock the key into latching position due to the mannerin which it is tensioned between the lower end of the key stem and afixed portion of the machine.

The primary function performed by the add key while it is maintained inits depressed position is to effect release of the depressed selectionkeys of the keyboard during the first rotation of the actuator in eitherdirection. All depressed keys of the keyboard may be releasedsimultaneously by means of a gate "I (Figures 1. 3 and 7) extending theentire width of the machine upon the side frames of which it ispendulously supported at either end. The lower half of this gate theforward ends of the plurality of key locking bars 3I1 in such a mannerthat counter-clockwise oscillation of said gate will result in itsmoving all key locking bars 3l1 to the rear to effect release of anydepressed key in each key section. The power necessary to effect thiscounter-clockwise oscillation of the gate 255 is provided by a pitman256 journaled at its rearward end on an eccentric 251 fixed to one ofthe main drive shafts and slidably supported at its forward end on oneend of the stud 25I fixed in the add key stem. The eccentric 251 makesone complete rotation for each rotation of the actuator, consequentlyeffecting one complete oscillation of the pitman 256 to the rear andback. While the add key 250 is maintained in its elevated, inoperativeposition, the oscillation of the pitman 258 is rendered ineffective dueto the fact that the add key holds the forward hooked end 256A of thepitman 258 out of contact with the gate 258. However, when the add key258 is maintained in its depressed position, the hooked end 258A of thepitman is lowered a sufiicient distance to contact the gate 255resulting in a rearward oscillation of said gate for each rotation ofthe actuator. Thus it is obvious that the entire keyboard is cleared, i.e., all depressed keys released, at the termination of each rotation ofthe actuator in either direction when the add key is depressed, which isthe effect desired during addition and subtraction operations to permita new keyboard setting at the end of each operation. Depression of theadd key 258 also serves to connect the selecting bar power restoringmeans which is described hereinafter.

Power restoring means for selecting mechanism Means are provided wherebyall selecting bars and their associated mechanism are restored to theirzero position by a special mechanism actuated by the final movement ofthe calculating mechanism during a rotation of the actuator in eitherdirection. This is accomplished by means of a gate 325 (Figures 1 and 3)pivoted at 328 on the base of the machine, which is of sufficient lengthto underlie all selecting bars 3I2, the upper end 325A of said gatebeing adapted to contact a vertical surface 3I2E formed in saidselecting bars. The gate 325 is normally held in a position such thatthe contacting edge 325A is a sufiicient distance from the surface 3I2Eof the selecting bars to permit a selection of nine increments to be seton any bar without interference from said gate. Subsequent to theautomatic release of all depressed keys of the keyboard effected by theadd key being maintained in its depressed position as describedhereinbefore, the gate 325 is given a quickly accelerated oscillation ina counter-clockwise direction as shown in Figure 1 which, through thecontact of the edge 325A against the surface 3| 2E of the selectingbars, quickly restores all displaced selection bars to their zeroposition. The oscillation of the gate 325 necessary to accomplish thisresult is obtained by means of a link 321 (Figure 3), the narrow rearend of which is disposed through an aperture in the gate 325 to bejournaled at 328A on the lower end of a depending member 328 which ispendulously supported on a bracket to the top plate of the keyboard. Theforward end of the link 321 is journaled at 329A on the lower extremityof the lever 329 which is journaled intermediate its end at 3293 to thesupporting plate -2I8 fixed in the machine. The gate 325 is held againsta shoulder 321A of the link 321 by a compression spring 338 disposedaround the narrow end of the link 321 between said gate 325 and thedepending member 328. The entire linkage arrangement described is heldin its normal rearward position by a spring 33I tensioned between thelower extremity of the lever 329 and a stud fixed in the machine whichholds the upper extremity of the lever 329 against a stop pin 332 whichis fixed in a depending portion of the clear key, the operation of whichwill be described hereinafter.

It is understood, then, that the entire linkage system comprising themembers 321, 328, and 329 are, therefore, oscillated forwardly to effecta similar oscillation of the gate 325 through the shock-absorbingcompression spring 338 which functions normally as a substantially rigidm0- tion-transmitting member but is capable of yielding, as a safetydevice, to prevent damage to the mechanism from shocks due to locking resulting from misoperation. The mechanism effecting this oscillationcomprises a cam 333 (Figures 4, 5, and 6) loosely journaled on the driveshaft I88 which makes one rotation for each rotation of the actuator ineither direction. This cam is provided on its periphery with an abruptrise 333A adapted in the last part of the cycle to contact thehorizontal arm of a bellcrank 334 which is journaled in the machine at335 and is held against the periphery of the cam 333 by a spring 336tensioned between the vertical extremity of said bellcrank and a stud inthe machine. Journaled to the lower end of the vertical arm of thebellcrank 334 is a pushrod 331, a forward nose 338 of which is adaptedto contact a transversely projecting portion 328B of the depending link328 only during the performance of addition and subtraction. Thepositioning of the pushrod 331 is placed therefore undercontrol of theadd key 258 which, as described hereinbefore, is maintained in itsdepressed position during the performance of these two operations. Toaccomplish this end a large headed stud 339 is arranged to slide betweenthe bifurcated rear end 252A of the lever 252 which, upon depression ofthe add key, is raised to its elevated position, placing the nose 338 ofthe pushlink 331 into contacting alignment with the projection 3283 ofthe depending member 328, where it is held while the add key 258 islatched in depressed position. The pushrod 331 and its nose 338 are twoseparate pieces pivotally connected at 339 with a lateral studprojection 338A of the nose 338 being held against a forward portion ofthe push link 331 by a spring 348 tensioned between the-top edge of thepushlink 331 and an expediently positioned stud on the nose 339. Thereason for the two-part construction will be disclosed as thisspecification progresses.

As mentioned hereinbefore, the selection restoring operation mustnecessarily occur during the latter part of the cycle after alldepressed keys of the keyboard have been released regardless of thedirection of rotation of the shaft I88 which is reversible with theactuator. This is accomplished by .meansof the cam 333 which is looselyjournaled on the shaft I88 and provided with an extended portion333B(Figures 5 and 6) adapted upon rotation of the shaft to be contacted bya pin 3 which is securely riveted into the shaft I88, and composes thedriving member for said cam. The full cycle position of the pin 3 isdepending straight down from the under side of the shaft I88 as shown'inFigure 4, and

at the end of a rotation of the shaft I88, the

projection 33313 of the cam 333 will be disposed either on one side ofsaid pin or the other, depending upon the direction of the lastrotation. In Figure 4, it is shown disposed on the right side of the pin34 I, which indicates that the last rotation of the shaft Hill was in acounter-clockwise direction, since the pin must necessarily have driventhe cam rise 333A to the point where it contacts and trips the bellcrank334. If the next rotation of the shaft I00 were now in a clockwisedirection, the pin 34I would have to be revolved almost a fullrevolution before contacting the projection 33313 and driving the camrise 333A through to trip the bellcrank 334 which, up to this time, hasheld the cam 333 against rotation due to the strength of the spring 336.And. at the end of this rotation, the cam rise 333A would be disposed onthe left side of the pin 3, as viewed in Figure 4. However, if twoconsecutive counter-clockwise rotations should take place, the pin 3would pick up the cam from the position in which it is now shown andcarry it around for a full revolution during the latter part of which itwould contact with the horizontal arm of the bell crank 334, therebytripping the same.

It is obvious, then, that the clockwise oscillation imparted to thebellcrank 334 by the contact of the cam rise 333A during the latter partof a rotational cycle following the key release operation at half cycleposition, will. through the pushrod 331 contacting the projection 3283,impart a forward oscillation to the gate 325, consequently effecting aquickly accelerated restoration to zero position of all displacedselecting bars. This oscillation of the bellcrank 334, it is understood,is effective on the selecting bars only during the time that the add key250 is maintained in its depressed position, since the nose 338 of thepushrod 331 is out of contacting alignment with the projection 323B ofthe depending member 328 while the add key is held in its normalelevated position.

Automatic multiplication mechanism The multiplier mechanism disclosedherein is an improvement of the mechanisms disclosed in the patents toFriden Number 1,643,710, dated September 27th, 1927, and Number1,651,882, dated December 6th, 1927. Said mechanism comprises a seriesof keys 130 (Figures 8 and 10), which serve to position means toautomatically control the number of revolutions of the actuator. Thestems 13I of the keys 130 are mounted on a plate 132 by pin and slotconnections 134, and are normally held in elevated position by a spring133 attached to the lower end of the key stem and the upper stud 134.Means are provided for latching the depressed keys in depressed position(Figures 8 and 10). Each key stem 13I is provided at its lower end witha hook 13IA which is adapted to engage under a complementary hook 135Aon the key retaining slide 135. This slide is mounted on the plate 132and is normally held in forward position by the spring131 (Figures 8 and10). When a key is depressed, the slide is moved rearwardly, and thensprings forwardly under the influence of a spring to bring the hook 135Aover the hook 13IA on the key, thus retaining the key in depressedposition. The key 133A at the forward end of the bank of keys 139 is aclearance key, and its function is to move the slide 135 to cause therelease of any key 133 which may be held depressed.

notch in the differential bar 140 which is slidably mounted on the plate132 (Figure 10). The slide 140 is moved longitudinally to differentdifferential positions upon the depression of one of the keys 130, andis connected to a pin 125 (Figure 10) on the end of a lever by the link"I which is adjustably connected to the front end of the slide 140. Byconnecting the link 14! to the front end of the slide, angularvariations in the position thereof due to the movement of the pin aboutthe fulcrum of the lever 120 are reduced to a minimum, therebypreventing error in the machine. By adjustably connecting the link 1 tothe slide 140, adjustment of the machine in assembly is rendered simple,and it is not necessary to work to extremely close limits in themanufacture of the parts associated with the slide 140.

The slide 140 is provided on its upper surface with a plurality ofnotches 142, there being one notch associated with each numeral key 130.The notches are provided at their bases with sockets adapted to receivethe pins 138 to accurately position the slide 140, and the sides of therespective notches are inclined to different degrees to cause propermovement of the slide upon depression of a key, regardless of the priorposition of the slide.

One side of each notch 142 is given an inclinetion corresponding to thevalue of the associated key, and the other side of the notch is given aninclination corresponding to the complement of the value of theassociated key. Depression, therefore, of any key causes positivemovement of the slide to the proper differential position from the priordifferential position in which it is held by a depressed key, therebyeliminating the necessity of returning the slide 140 to zero positionwhen a key is depressed after another key has already been depressed.The slide is therefore positively moved and the lever 120 associatedwith said slide and with the automatic control unit is also positivelymoved to a selected differential position upon the depression of any key130.

Means are also provided which operate upon the depression of one of thenumeral keys for moving the latch bar I2I (Figure 11) to disengage theclutch housing and permit rotation of the actuator. Arranged at the sideof the slide and directly below pins 138 is a bar which is supported forparallel motion on the links 15I, and which is normally held in elevatedposition in contact with pins 138 by the spring 152. Due to theinclination of the links 15I, depression of a key 130 causes a backwardand downward movement of the bar 150, and this backward and downwardmovement is employed to move the latch bar l2l. Mounted on the parallelmotion bar 150 is a roller 153 (Figures 10 and 11), which bears againstthe front face of a lever 154 which is secured to the shaft I23 to whichthe latch bar I2l is connected by a suitable arm, as shown in Figure 11.Depression of a numeral key 133, therefore, causes the shaft I23 to berocked in a clockwise direction, moving the latch bar I2I rearwardly todisengage the clutch control lever H5 from the clutch housing Means areprovided whereby the differential positioning of the lever 120 is usedto determine the number of actuatlons in accordance with the keydepressed, and to control a stopping of the machine at the conclusionthereof. The lever 120 is provided at its forward end with a pin I2I(Figures 12-14) which rides in a slot II 2 of a slotted arm IIO, thesaid arm being adjusted angularly to correspond to the angularadjustment of lever I20. The slotted arm III! is pivoted to a rack II3which is given a step-by-step movement upon successive rotations of theactuator by means to be later described. The arm III] and rack 'II3 areheld in their normal retracted position by a spring I22 (Figures 10 and12), which is tensioned between the rearward end of rack I I3 and thedepending arm of lever I20 (Figures 10 and 12). Said spring also servesto return the lever I20 and the slotted arm I I 0 to their normalposition after release thereof from a depressed key. The arm IIII isprovided with a depending lug upon which is secured a pin III (Figures1214), which is adapted to cooperate with a stepped plate I06.

The stepped plate or slide I00 is provided with nine notches on theinclined forward face thereof, and a zero position, said notchescorresponding to the nine value keys I30. Upon depression of a value keyI30, the arm I I0 through the lever I20 is raised to a position so thatthe pin I I I will be aligned horizontally with the step on the plateI00 corresponding to that value represented by the depressed key. Asshown in Figures 12 to 14, the said pin is horizontally aligned with thethird step of the slide I00, which position it occupies when the number3 key is depressed. The stepby step movement imparted to the rack H3 andarm IIO caused by each rotation of the actuator by means hereinafterdescribed, is such that the pin III is moved into engagement with theselected notch on the slide I00 during the next to the last rotation ofsaid actuator, such position being illustrated in Figures 12 and 13.During the last step of movement imparted thereto, said pin moves thestepped slide I00 against the tension of spring IIlI (Figures 13 and 14)to effect a release of the depressed key, and a disengagement of theclutch, with subsequent stopping of the operation and a return of allparts to normal The parts are shown in Figure 14 in the position theyoccupy at mid-cycle of the last rotation determined.

Means are provided for imparting step-by-step movement to the rack H3and arm III! upon successive rotations of the actuator. Secured to theshaft I00, which is given one rotation for each rotation of theactuator, is an eccentric I60, which is adapted to reciprocate an armI6I once during each cycle of operation of said shaft, the first half ofsaid cycle being used for the advancing movement, and the last half forthe retracting movement. Said arm I6I is pivoted to the supporting plateat I62 and is held in engagement with the eccentric I60 by a spring I63(Figures 13 and 14) tensioned between an ear on said lever and a stud onthe supporting plate.

A pawl I64 is pivoted to the lever I6I intermediate its ends, said pawlbeing provided with a nose 164A (Figures 12-14) which is adapted toengage the teeth of rack II 3. A spring 1643 tensioned between an ear onthe lever I6I and the rearward end of the pawl I64 tends to hold thenose of said pawl in engagement with said rack. Said pawl I64 isnormally held out of engagement with the rack H3 by means of a rearwardextension A of the lever I26 which engages beneath and raises a forwardextension I640 of said pawl I64 when the lever I20 is in its normal orlowest position, as shown in Figure 10.

The means for retaining the rack H3 and arm III) in advanced position isa holding pawl I65 (Figures 12-14), said pawl being pivoted to thesupporting plate, and being provided with a tooth A adapted to engagethe teeth of the rack II3 as shown in Figure 13. Said pawl I65 is heldin engagement with a rack II3 by means of a spring 16! tensioned betweena stud on the supporting bracket and a stud on a depending arm I66pivoted to said pawl (Figures 13 and 14). Thus pawls I64 and T65 providea means for successively advancing the rack H3 and slide IIII until pinIII moves the trip slide I00.

Means are provided for releasing the advancing and retaining pawls uponrearward movement of the trip slide I00. Pivotally mounted on the tripslide I00 is a lever I02 (Figures 13 and 14) having a lateral extensionoverlying the rearward end 165B of the pawl I65. The rearward edge ofsaid lever I02 abuts an extension 103 of the supporting plate, so thatupon rearward movement of the trip slide I00, to the left as viewed inFigures 13 and 14, the lever I02 is rocked to the right, and the lateralextension thereof, moving against the inclined tail 16513 of pawl I65,rocks said pawl to disengage the nose 165A thereof from the teeth ofrack II3, such position being illustrated in Figure 14. The nose of thepawl I65 is provided with a camming extension 165C which underlies a pin164D on the nose of the advancing pawl I64. As the pawl I64 is permittedto return to the right from the position shown in Figure 14, the pin164D riding on the camming extension 1650 lifts the pawl I64 fromengagement with the rack, thereby releasing said rack and the arm III!for return to normal position under the tension of spring I22 (Figures10 and 12).

Means are provided for holding the pawl out of engagement with the rackuntil a complete return thereof. The pawls having been lifted fromengagement with the rack by movement of the trip slide I00, are free, inthe absence of other means, to again engage the same upon release of theslide I00 from the pin III. To provide for such contingency, thedepending arm I66 (Figures 13 and 14) is notched to engage a pin 1663 onthe supporting plate under the influence of the spring 161 when theretaining pawl I65 and arm I66 have been raised by the lever I02, asshown in Figure 14. Said arm I66 serves to hold the pawls I65 and I64from engagement with the rack H3 until a pin II3A on said rack engagesthe said arm during the return of the rack to zero position, thuscompleting a release of all parts and a restoration thereof to normalposition.

Means are provided for disengaging the clutch upon movement of the tripslide during the last rotation of said actuator. Said means comprisesthe inclined edge of the lever I02, which, upon forward movementthereof, is adapted to engage a pin I2IA 0n the latch bar I2I (Figure11) raising the same and permitting the clutch bellcrank II5 to rockinto engagement with the clutch housing under the influence of spring H6to disengage the clutch, and lock the same in full cycle position in themanner described in the aforesaid patent.

Means are provided for releasing a depressed multiplier key uponmovement of the trip slide during the last actuation determined by saidkey.

A link 184 (Figure 10) is secured to the trip slide 188 at 188A, saidlink being slotted at its forward end to receive a pin 135B secured tothe slide 135. Said pin normally rests in the forward end of the slot,as shown in Figure 10, so that rearward movement of the trip slide 188is imparted to the key latching slide 135 to move the same rearwardly torelease a depressed key 138. However, rearward movement of the slide 135upon depression of a key 138 imparts no movement to the link 184 and thetrip slide 188. This release of a depressed key 138 occurs slightlybefore the middle of the last actuation or rotation of the actuator.

Means are provided to disable the power restoring mechanism for theselecting mechanism during multiple addition during all rotations of theactuator prior to the last determined by a depressed multiplier key.

Due to the construction and operation of the multiplying mechanismdescribed above, a depressed multiplier key is locked down by the bar135 until sometime during the first half of the last rotation of theactuator effected by said key,

1 when it is released due to instrumentalities moving the slide bar 135to the rear. Thus it is evident that the parallel bar 158 will bedepressed with the key and held in its depressed position until thefirst half of the last rotation of the calculating operation, when itwill be released to return to its elevated position. This movement ofthe bar 158 is utilized during the performance of multiple addition, theoperation in which a single item may be added a plurality of times to aprevious sum by the depression of a multiplier key, to disconnect theselection power restoring mechanism during all multiplying rotations ofthe actuator except the last, during which it is again connected toeffect power restoration of the selecting mechanism. This isaccomplished through the provision of a lever 143 journaled at 143A tothe plate 132, said lever being provided on its lower end with alaterally projecting pin 144 underlying the parallel bar 158 (Figure 8)and provided on an upward projecting arm with a similar pin 145 (Figures6 and 8) overlying the nose 338 of the pushlink 331 with which it comesin contact upon depression of the add key 258 which, as describedhereinbefore, elevates the pushlink 331 so that the nose 338 is indirect contacting alignment with the lateral projection 32813 of themember 328. It will be remembered that the nose 338 is so constructedthat further upward movement relative to the pushlink 331 is impossiblebut that a downward movement on its pivot point 338 relative to thepushlink 331 is only restrained by the tension of the spring 348 whichinvariably holds its stopping projection 338A against the forward noseof the pushlink 331 unless the nose 338 is forced downwardly by otherinstrumentalities.

Thus it is obvious during the performance of addition, while the add key258 is maintained in depressed position with the nose 338 in itselevated position to effect power restoration of the selecting mechanismduring each rotation of the actuator, depression of a multiplier key andconsequently the parallel bar 158, through the lever 143 and itsextended pin 145, effects a downward movement of the nose 338 about thepivot 333 against the tension of the spring 348, thereby rendering aforward oscillation ineffective on the member 328 until the first halfof the last rotation of the actuator when the depressed multiplier keyand the parallel bar 138 will be released to permit return of the lever143 by its elevating spring 148, thereby again rendering the nose 338effective on the member 3283 so that the power restoration operation ofthe selecting mechanism may take place as usual in the last half of thefinal rotation of the actuator.

Clear key mechanism Means are provided under control of a key 358(Figure 3), herein designated as the clear key, for releasing a-lldepressed keys of the keyboard and subsequently returning all selectingmechanisms to their zero position. The stem of this clear key isslidably supported on its upper portion by being disposed through anaperture in the keyboard plate, and is journaled on its lower end to abellcrank 352 which in turn is pivotally mounted on the plate 218 at353. The stem of the clear key is provided with a projection whichserves as a stop to said key in its elevated position by said projectionbeing held against the top key plate through the tension of the spring354 tensioned between the vertical extremity of the bellcrank 352 and asuitable stud fixed in the plate 218. Journaled at an intermediate pointon the vertical extremity of the bellcrank 352 on the stud 332 is aconnecting link 355, the other end of which is disposed through a slotin the gate 255 where it is held by means of a cotter pin 355A lookedthrough a suitable aperture in the forward end of the connecting link355. The construction of this mechanism is such that the initialdownward movement of the clear key 358 will result in a sufficientrearward movement of the gate 255 to effect release of all depressedkeys of the keyboard in the manner described in connection with Figure1.

Means are provided whereby the remainder of the movement of the clearkey 358 immediately following the release of the depressed keys of thekeyboard is utilized to effect the necessary movement of the selectionrestoring gate 325 to immediately restore all displaced selectingmechanisms to their zero position. This is accomplished throughprovision of a laterally extending pin 332 which, as describedhereinbefore, lies immediately in front and in contact with upperextremity of the lever 329 and serves as a stop against furthercounter-clockwise movement thereof about its pivot point 3293 under theurge of the tension spring 33L It is evident that the counter-clockwiseoscillation imparted to the bellcrank 352 by depression of the clear key358 will, through the pin 332, imparts a clockwise oscillation to thelever 323 and consequently the necessary forward oscillation of the gate325, to restore all the displaced selection bars to zero position, asdescribed in connection with Figure 1. The construction of the severalparts is such that a sufficient amount of lost motion is provided sothat all depressed keys will be released before the edge 325A of therestoring gate 325 contacts the vertical surface 3I2E (Figure 1) of anydisplaced selecting bars.

Power control and interlocks The machine comprising the presentinvention is provided with a motor which is adapted to be intermittentlyconnected to the calculating mechanism by manipulation of the severalcontrolling members of the machine which also maintain this connectionduring the entire performance of the calculating operation representedby said manipulated controlling member. The

construction of the several working parts is such that even though saidcontrolling members are restored to their normal, inoperative positionduring any part of a rotation of the actuator, that particular rotationwill be completed and the actuator will invariably be arrested andlocked in full cycle position at the end thereof.

Since all depressed keys of the keyboard are released during the firsthalf of the rotation of the actuator and the selecting mechanism is notpower returned until toward the latter part of the last half of therotation, means are provided to rigidly lock the registered selectioninto the actuator until just before the power restoration operation ofthe selecting mechanism. The heads 80 I of a set of locking arms 800(Figure 1), fixed on the shaft 802, are adapted to be forced into anyone of the notches 3050 of the drum cam 305 where they are held duringthe time the actuator is out of full cycle position. This isaccomplished by means of an arm 804 also fixed on the shaft 802, andadapted to be held in contact with the periphery of a cam 806 by aspring 805 tensioned between the supporting bracket for the shaft 802and an arm 803 which is also fixed to said shaft. When the actuatornears full cycle position, the head of the arm 804 drops into adepression 806A of the cam 806, thereby releasing the selection, inwhich position it remains until further rotation of the actuator, whenthe head of the arm 804 is again forced to the outer radial surface ofthe cam 808, which again rocks the heads 80I of the locking arms 800into one of the notches 305C.

Means are also provided for actuating this looking means whenever anoperating bar or a multiplier key is depressed. A link 808 connects thelower end of the arm 803 with a gate 80! (Figures 1 and 8) pivoted at801A, which gate carries an extension 809 (Figure 8) lying immediatelyto the rear of a roller 8|0 journaled on the rearward link 15L Thus itis seen that depression of any multiplier key which imparts a downwardand rearward movement to the roller 8l0, will continuously lock theselection into the actuator, regardless of the number of rotationsthereof, instead of the intermittent locking and releasing which wouldbe afforded through the cam 806. Other machine controls that requiremore than one consecutive rotation of the actuator to perform theirparticular calculation are also provided with means for manipulating thegate 801.

I claim:

1. In a calculating machine, actuating mechanism, a series ofdepressible numeral keys, latching means therefor, a differential membersettable by said keys upon depression thereof, normally inactive meansoperable in timed relationship with said actuating mechanism forreleasing said key latching means and restoring said differential memberto normal position, and means responsive to such restoration of saidmember for retaining the same in normal position, said retaining meansbeing releasable upon depression of any of said keys.

2. In a calculating machine, actuating mechanism, a series ofdepressible numeral keys, latching means therefor, a differential membersettable by said keys upon depression thereof, normally inactive meansoperable in timed relationship with said actuating mechanism forreleasing said key latching means and restoring said differential memberto normal position, means responsive to such restoration of said memberfor retaining the same in normal position, said restraining means beingreleasable upon depression of any of said keys, and a settable devicefor enabling said key latching releasing and differential memberrestoring means.

3. In a calculating machine, actuating mechanism, settable selectingmechanism therefor, means operable in timed relationship with saidactuating mechanism for positively driving said selecting mechanism tonormal position, settable means for rendering said driving meanseffective, means including a manually operable member for initiating andcontrolling plural cycle operation of said actuating mechanism, andmeans controlled by said last named means for rendering said settablemeans ineffective.

4. In a calculating machine, actuating mecha- .nism, settable selectingmechanism therefor,

means selectively settable to effective or ineffective condition andoperable in timed relationship with said actuating mechanism forpositively driving said selecting mechanism to normal position, meansincluding a manually operable member for initiating and controllingplural cycle operations of said actuating mechanism, and meanscontrolled by said last named means for selectively setting said drivingmeans.

HAROLD T. AVERY.

